Killiand, those older 2.5 are old school technology, mine is the turbo version.
There is a few issues with them, but all in all they are a sturdy old lump.
They will Smoke on startup and run uneven if the pump timing is retarded, even by a small amount.... however retarded pump timing won’t cause a ‘diesel knock’ like you explain, but too advanced pump timing will.
Need to establish if it’s a ‘diesel knock’ or a ‘mechanical knock’ you’re experiencing. A mechanical knock in time with the pistons like you say can be crankshaft bearing wear or wee end bearing wear.... not likely with those if the oil has been changed frequently.
Diesel knock can be, like I said timing on the pump, leaking injectors (will cause smoke) or governor issues in the injector pump.
It’s a 12 valve engine, if oil had infrequent changes the likelihood is that the cam lobes will be worn, this has the result of hydraulic lifters being extended and causing a rattle which will increase with engine rpm... also will lead to power loss and retarded valve timing.
Smoke can be from worn valve stem seals like previously mentioned but you can establish yourself if it is using oil, how much and over what miles/hours use.
When I got my van the previous owner was a Diy’er who caused more trouble than good.....
I rebuilt it and replaced, Rings and honed cylinders (little wear), rebuilt the head and fitted new camshaft and followers, replaced white metal bearing although they were OK, fitted new oil pump and drive chain, had injectors redone and injector pump benched and set, fitted new coolant radiator and heater matrix, new water pump and new timing gear, had turbo updated and boost control increased to 1.7 bar.... It now starts perfectly, no smoke, uses no oil nor water, pulls like a train with the turbo upgrade and I’d trust it to drive it to hell and back, no stupid electronics to worry about and if looked after will run for ever.
Have yours looked at and get a report on its condition and take it from there, all parts are available and I got mine from a dedicated supplier in Lithuania via the Internet.
If the van is good then a proper rebuild is worth it.